Chapter 1

    ¹There are six documents referred to by this note that were prepared by the Division of Water Resources, these are: The State of Utah Water (1972), The State of Utah Water (1975), The State of Utah Water (1978), State of Utah Water (1980), State of Utah Water (1982), State of Utah Water (1985), (Salt Lake City: Department of Natural Resources).

    ²The 11 river basin plans prepared by the Division of Water Resources are: Bear River Basin (1992), Kanab Creek/Virgin River Basin (1993), Cedar/Beaver Basin (1995), Weber River Basin (1997), Jordan River Basin (1997), Utah Lake Basin (1997), Sevier River Basin (1999), Uintah Basin (1999), West Colorado River Basin (2000), Southeast Colorado River Basin (2000), & West Desert Basin (2001), (Salt Lake City: Department of Natural Resources). A full-text version of each report is available over the Internet at the division's website: www.water.utah.gov/planning/waterplans.asp.

    ³In order to consolidate the discussion of Lake Powell and avoid mixing political subdivisions on either side of the Green and Colorado rivers, the West Colorado and Southeast Colorado river basin plans were written based on a non-hydrologic boundary. The Division of Water Resources continues to collect and report data based on hydrologic boundaries, to which all numbers in this document conform.

Chapter 2

    ¹A more detailed discussion of climatological factors influencing Utah's water resources is found in the Utah Water and Power Board and Utah State University publication, Developing a State Water Plan: Utah's Water Resources-Problems and Needs, a Challenge (Salt Lake City: Department of Natural Resources, 1963), 3-5.

    ²The long-term decline in the ground water levels of the Beryl-Enterprise area is clearly documented in a joint study of the U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Division of Water Rights, and Utah Division of Water Resources, Ground-water Conditions in Utah: Spring of 2000, Cooperative Investigations Report No. 41, (Salt Lake City: USGS). The 1.2 foot drop cited is the average yearly decline in the water table since 1980 of the wells listed on pages 107-109 of this document.

    ³Developable in this document refers to the amount of water that the Division of Water Resources estimates can be developed based on current legal, political, economic and environmental constraints.

Chapter 3

    ¹These and other interesting vital statistics are available from National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics Report, (Hyattsville: 1998), Vol 47, No. 9.

    ²QGET Technical Committee, QGET Data Book, Third Edition, (Salt Lake City: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, 1998).

    ³The QGET Technical Committee consists of representatives from state and local governments, and the private sector. It was formed in 1995 by the Governor of Utah to analyze growth-related issues including transportation, air quality, land use, water availability and infrastructure costs (web page: www.governor.state.ut.us/dea/qget/1.htm). Envision Utah is a unique and dynamic partnership that brings together citizens, business leaders and policy-makers from public and private circles. It was formed in 1997 and has as its objective to develop a broadly supported growth strategy–a common vision for our future, and our children's future–to guide the businesses, residents and government bodies of Utah into the 21st century (web page: www.envisionutah.org).

    ⁴Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, Strategy Analysis: QGET Quality Growth Efficiency Tools, (Salt Lake City, 2000), 49, 50.

    ⁵Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, 33.

Chapter 4

    ¹For further detail concerning this legislation, see State of Utah Legislature, Utah Code 73-10-32, as amended by Chapter 19, 1999, General Session, (Salt Lake City: Utah Legislature, 1999). The Utah Code is available over the Internet at: www.le.state.ut.us/~code/code.htm.

    ²Utah Board of Water Resources, Implementing Water Conservation Plans of Water Conservancy Districts and Water Retailers, a report presented to the Natural Resources, Agriculture, Environment Interim Committee of the Utah Legislature, (Salt Lake City: Division of Water Resources, 1999).

    ³The 245 gpcd cited is the average of the following western states: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, & Wyoming; and is derived from U.S. Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1995, USGS Circular Survey No. 1200, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1998), 20-23.

    ⁴Martin, William E., et. al, Saving Water in a Desert City, (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1984), 3. Mr. Martin is a former member of Tuscon, Arizona's city government. During his tenure as a city official, difficult decisions were made which laid the groundwork for the city's well publicized water conservation efforts.

    ⁵Summers, Lyle, Incentive Pricing for Efficient Water Use in Urban Utah, Draft, January 14, 1999. Prepared for the Utah Water Conservation Forum, (Salt Lake City: Division of Water Resources, 1999), 7.

    ⁶Ibid.

    ⁷Utah Division of Water Resources, Identifying Residential Water Use: Survey Results and Analysis of Residential Water Use for Thirteen Communities in Utah, (Salt Lake City: Division of Water Resources, 2000), 27.

    ⁸A possible reduction in outdoor water use of 50 percent is cited in numerous documents, among which the following is an excellent source of Utah specific information: Keane, Terry, Water-wise Landscaping: guide for water management planning, (Logan: Utah State University Extension Services, 1995), 1. This document is available on the Internet at the USU Extension Service's web page: testext.usu.edu/files/gardpubs/waterwis.pdf.

    ⁹Utah Division of Water Resources, An Analysis of Secondary Water Use in Bountiful, Utah, a non-published report, (Salt Lake City: Division of Water Resources, 1995), 1&4.

    ¹⁰Utah Division of Water Resources, 2000, 9.

    ¹¹Martin, 4-5.

Chapter 5

    ¹When environmental depletions are included (natural depletions not caused by human activities), agricultural and M&I depletions amount to less than half of the available water supply, or 30 and 6 percent, respectively.

    ²U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, "Institutional Water Management Measures." Retrieved from the Internet web page: http://209.21.0.235/programs/modelplan/rra/watermgt _measures/institutional_measures.htm, June 1999.

    ³Israelsen, O.W., and V.E. Hansen, Irrigation Principles and Practices, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1962), 447.

    ⁴Jensen, M.E. (ed.), Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems, ASAE Monograph No. 3. (St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1980), 829.

    ⁵Merriam, J.L. and J. Keller, Farm irrigation system evaluation: A guide for management, (Logan: Utah State University, 1978), 271.

    ⁶Gorelick, S. M. (ed.), "Conjunctive Water Use: Understanding and Managing Surface Water-Groundwater Interactions," Int. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci. Publ., (1986), 156&547.

    ⁷Hall, W., notes on Integrated River Basin Planning and Management prepared for the Central Water Commission, Government of India, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and Harza Engineering Company, in support of the Integrated Water Resources Planning Project, (New Delhi, India, 1990), 120.

    ⁸Pyne, R.D.G., P.C. Singer, and C.T. Miller, "Aquifer Storage and Recovery of Treated Drinking Water," (1999). Retrieved from the AWWA Research Foundation's Internet webpage: www.awwarf.org/research/topicsandprojects/execSum/713.aspx.

    ⁹City of Salem, Oregon, "Salem Oregon's Aquifer Storage and Recovery System." Retrieved from the Internet web page: www.open.org/~spubwork/water/asr.html.

    ¹⁰Tao, P., "Managing Water Shortage by Regional Cooperation and Conservation," in Austin, T.A. (Ed.), National Water Conference. Proceeding of the Specialty Conference, University of Delaware, Newark, July 17-20, 1989.

Chapter 6

    ¹Boyle Engineering Corporation, Water Supply Needs for Washington and Kane Counties & Lake Powell Pipeline Study, (St. George, 1998), 12. Prepared for Washington County Water Conservancy District and the Utah Division of Water Resources.

    ²Copies of basin plans can be obtained by contacting the Division of Water Resources or over the Internet at the following address: www.water.utah.gov/planning/waterplans.asp.

    ³Utah Division of Drinking Water, 1999 Survey of Community Drinking Water Systems, (Salt Lake City: Department of Environmental Quality, 2000), Appendix 11, 1&2. An annual survey prepared in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights and the Division of Water Resources. This survey, and the data it contains, is available on the Internet at the Division of Drinking Water's website: www.drinkingwater.utah.gov/.

    ⁴Ibid.

Chapter 7

    ¹U.S. EPA, "Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program." Retrieved from EPA's Internet web page: www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/intro.html, March 2000.

    ²Ibid.

    ³Utah Division of Water Quality, Utah Water Quality Assessment Report to Congress 1998, (Salt Lake City: Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1998), 12, 40&42.

    ⁴U.S. EPA, "National Nutrient Assessment Strategy: An Overview of Available Endpoints and Assessment Tools," 12-28. Retrieved from the EPA's Internet web page: www.epa.gov/owowwtr1/NPS/proceedings/overview.html, on June 1999.

    ⁵Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, "Animal Feeding operations... A Utah Strategy: How Will it Affect You?" A brochure prepared in cooperation with EPA, USDA, NRCS, Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Utah Association of Conservation Districts, and USU Extension, (Salt Lake City: 1999).

    ⁶Utah Division of Water Quality, 1998, 40.

    ⁷U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, America's Wetlands - Our vital link between land and water, (Washington D.C.: EPA, Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, Wetlands Division (4520F)).

    ⁸Utah Department of Natural Resources, Great Salt Lake Comprehensive Management Plan and Decision Document, (Salt Lake City: 2000), 1-2.

    ⁹Whipple, William Jr., Water Resources: A New Era for Coordination, (Reston, Virginia: ASCE Press, 1998). This document, published by the American Society of Civil Engineers, provides valuable insights into the changing field of water resources and the associated challenges facing water resource planners and managers.

    ¹⁰Utah Legislature, Utah Code 73-3-3, as amended by Chapter 208, 1992 General Session, (Salt Lake City: Utah Legislature, 1992).

    ¹¹U.S. Congress, Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, P.L. 90-542, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1271-1287, (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986).

    ¹²Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Wilderness Designation in Utah: Issues and Potential Impacts, Research Report #151, January 1995.

    ¹³State of Utah, Memorandum from Michael M. Quealy, Assistant Attorney General, to Jim Alder, "Legal Counsel to the Western States Water Council,"October 22, 1998.